Searches vertically for a value in the first column.
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, FALSE)
Searches horizontally in the top row.
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, FALSE)
Powerful combo for flexible lookups.
=INDEX(return_range, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_range, 0))
Modern lookup both vertically and horizontally.
=XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, "Not found")
Use logical tests with multiple conditions.
=IF(AND(A1>10, B1<5), "Yes", "No")
Sum values with multiple criteria.
=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1)
Count items with multiple conditions.
=COUNTIFS(range1, condition1, range2, condition2)
Join values with a delimiter, skipping blanks.
=TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A1:A5)
Dynamic filtering based on conditions (Excel 365).
=FILTER(A2:A10, B2:B10="East")
Extracts unique values from a range.
=UNIQUE(A2:A100)
Sorts a range or array.
=SORT(A2:B10, 1, TRUE)
Returns a reference from a text string.
=INDIRECT("A" & B1)